Sidney Lumet and His Concerns

Sidney Lumet and His Concerns Every individual who makes a bit of craftsmanship has certain worries that are typically given the assistance of fascinating and intriguing topics, solid magnetic characters, and an engaging and eye catching story. In this regard, it is important to examine the motion pictures made by an extraordinary executive Sydney Lumet who figured out how to incite considerations in his crowd training them adjoin the existence esteems and basic rules that ought to be followed.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Sidney Lumet and His Concerns explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More A Stranger Among Us (1992) A Stranger Among Us (1992) featuring Melanie Griffith who assumed a job of Emily, an investigator covert, is the first film that ought to be evaluated in quite a while of subject, characters, and story. Emily lives in the group of rebbe and examines an instance of burglary submitted by a stage girl of rebbe who thought nothing about her previous existence. This story is brimming with otherworldliness and reality in light of the fact that the principle character is portrayed as an autonomous and liberated lady who feels that her life is her own business and she is the main individual who can choose for her. This thought is proposed as a differentiation to the way that an organized marriage will happen between the rebbe’s child and a young lady he never observed. In this regard, we can plainly observe the connections between American culture where ladies can do anything they desire and an exceptionally otherworldly Hasidic culture in agreement to which individuals can get hitched without knowing each other all around ok. Along these lines, the examination interlaces near the otherworldly improvement of Emily as the fundamental character and picking up of comprehension about others and intentions behind their activities. One of the most remarkable scenes is the one that occurred in the store where Ariel (the rebbe’s child) cuts precious stones; two criminals went to the spot and requested a total of cash given to them month to month for their administrations of shielding the store from all issues and concerns. This scene finished equivocally as Emily observed the activities of hoodlums however never really keep them from doing as such; unmistakably she worked covert however she could illuminate her associates about that posse. Also, neither Ariel nor his sister put forth attempts to keep those crooks from blackmailing cash from them.Advertising Looking for article on craftsmanship and plan? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The story told in the film A Stranger Among Us (1992) is like all accounts utilized by Sydney Lumet where the chief figures out how to present characters who by all methods pick the side of watching the laws or the side of illicit activities. In this regard, the character of Melanie Griffith speaks to the positions accepted by Lu met as she picks the side of lawful activities and ensures the privilege of others to be in safe. In spite of the fact that a few characters truly pick the side of heroes, other are unquestionably awful and the executive doesn't show changes in characters as far as their life way. In any case, he figures out how to show that the principle character grows profoundly and perceives her conduct as wrong for the Hasidic people group. Privately-owned company (1989) The second film that ought to be talked about I terms of subjects, characters, and story is the Family Business (1989) featuring such praised on-screen characters as Sean Connery, Dustin Hoffman, and Matthew Broderick. In this manner, we can see Sean Connery as the granddad, Dustin Hoffman as his child while Matthew Broderick assumes the job of child of Dustin Hoffman’s character. Connections between the individuals from one family that were destroyed because of the longing of one of them to change his predetermination a nd carry on with a decent existence without criminal issues can be viewed as the significant topic of the film. As the wrongdoings were related by Dustin Hoffman’s character with his dad played via Sean Connery, he chose to shield his own child from the impact of criminal standards pushed by his own dad. In this regard, the executive figured out how to show the genuine family relations out of sight of crime practiced by each of the three men. This story shows that men can't change however every individual ought to recall about his/her family members and endeavor to stay in touch with them paying little mind to the contentions and mistaken assumptions that could have occurred previously. Every one of the three primary characters are appeared as comparable in one manner and totally unique in another. In this manner, the granddad has a ‘career of criminal’ as he loves what he does and won't surrender it. Simultaneously, his child makes certain about the rightness of his choice to keep his own child farther from his granddad though the puzzle is uncovered and the kid show intrigue and excitement about playing out some burglary along with his granddad. Obviously the relations between these individuals become better just when every one of the three are working together. This story likewise shows that the intensity of propensities can cause an individual to carry out wrongdoings again and again.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Sidney Lumet and His Concerns explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sydney Lumet doesn't present anything new however approach for appearing of fundamental standards of life. Ability of on-screen characters and the chief empower them to make something extraordinary though the story for this film can be followed in an incredible number of families everywhere throughout the world. Age hole and endeavors to do an incredible inverse what a dad has done can isolate individuals for the entire lif e. In this regard, the crowd likes motion pictures coordinated by Lumet in light of the thoughts and standards pushed by the chief who figures out how to pass on his message with the assistance of the story and characters. The Family Business (1989) coordinated by Sydney Lumet can be viewed as one of the component films that incite considerations about relations with different individuals from the family and significance of keeping associations. The subjects and characters utilized by Sydney Lumet contribute extraordinarily to the tales picked for a screen form. The chief feels the crowd and picks the subjects that can summon certain feelings in individuals and make them reconsider their life positions and convictions. The positions accepted by Lumet discover their appearance in the characters of his motion pictures; this can be found in each film since he figures out how to make each character unmistakable and interesting. Despite the fact that he can rehash what he said before, al l words articulated by characters are loaded up with explicit significance which is savvy and thoroughly considered. These two motion pictures A Stranger Among Us (1992) featuring Melanie Griffith and Family Business (1989) featuring Sean Connery, Dustin Hoffman, and Matthew Broderick can be contrasted with The Hill (1965) featuring Sean Connery where the story uncovers the activities that occurred in a detainment camp. The comparable thing in these accounts is that they have solid characters who comprehend what they need from life and are certain what side to help.

Chinese Silk Road Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Chinese Silk Road - Essay Example It has an earth shattering impact in the advancement of social and monetary circumstances of China. The Chinese Silk Route looks like the approach of globalization inside China, which impacts monetary, social and social states of the country in a great manner (Wood 9-15). Urbanizations brings about development in populace and appropriately these expansion the requests of essential needs. In this manner, to fulfill the country’s need, the Chinese Silk Route was presented for the advancement of lives. Besides, to help the way toward moving merchandise through fare and import rapidly, Chinese Silk Route is being set up. It empowers the travelers to visit such nations that are associated by courses and in this way assists with boosting outside direct speculation (FDI) in individual districts. Subsequent to presenting the Chinese Silk Route, national and worldwide exchanges and speculations are recognized to develop quickly with producing shifted positive results. Sea business is h aving a definitive influence in interfacing expanded enterprises, culture and economy of various nations. As the exchange connections between nations are developing, particular sorts of new spearheading thoughts are actualized to upgrade the profitability of the courses (Agnew 3-17). The article means to break down the historical backdrop of Chinese Silk Route, which has been presented with the approach of globalization. Aside from this, the exposition endeavored to portray the procedure of the above expressed history and furthermore its impact on building up the social just as financial states of China. Chinese Silk Route constantly created inside the time of second century BC to fourteenth century AD. During the 500 BC, Chinese individuals received migrant style and rode ponies for sending out alongside bringing in merchandise. This course was started by Zhang Qian in Hun Dynasty and during the development of this line, the Chinese Silk Route increased gigantic capacity to extend over

The Best Books Book That Rioters Read in May 2017

The Best Books Book That Rioters Read in May 2017 Every month, we ask Riot contributors to share their favorite reads from the last 30 days. These picks are old and new and yet-to-be-released, and span all genres, so there’s something for everyone! Take a look: The Book of Joan by Lidia Yuknavitch Yuknavitch’s novel is an ultra-feminist, gender-bending acid trip. Her Joan is the hero of our speculative future. This book falls under the category of Dystopian fiction, but I’m not so sure. It was written before our current president was elected, and its antagonist is a psychotic celebrity named Jean de Man. Sound eerily familiar? If The Handmaid’s Tale is an enraged scream, The Book of Joan is a tortured howl. The crimes against women in this imagined future are horrifying beyond belief. Admittedly, I was a little triggered by its content, but I was living for the horror, Sci-Fi, and feminist hybrid. This is Joan (of arc) like you’ve never seen her before. She defies gender. She defies the limits of time and space. She is a mothereffing sorceress. Jan Rosenberg The Book of Mormon Girl: A Memoir of an American Faith by Joanna Brooks I’ve read numerous narratives written by women who fled Mormonism after years of spiritual abuse, but Brooks followed a different path, refusing to give up her heritage even while she insisted on defying the church politically, emotionally, and sexually. Her warts-and-all recollections of the human side of growing up among devout Mormons present a sympathetic picture, showcasing the best elements of belonging to a tight-knit community, along with the fear of reprisals for transgression and the pain of alienation. With the threat of excommunication hanging always over her head, Brooks embraces feminist thought, works to promote marriage equality, and seeks evidence to contradict the racist and sexist assumptions of her religion; she strives to teach her children the beautiful values of their pioneer ancestors while protecting them from the oppressive ideals that cast their shadows over her own life. Monica Friedman Embrace on Brooklyn Bridge by Ezzedine Choukri Fishere, trans. John Peate This novel was shortlisted for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction way back in 2012, and now it’s finally out in a sharp, (darkly) funny translation from John Peate. A novel told in eight stories as people head to a birthday party of a girl who won’t be there, hosted by a man most of them don’t like (and for good reason), it’s a story of the missed connections, failed relationships, and dropped calls of Arabs in America. It also has the first 9/11-sympathizer character that I really believe. Marcia Lynx Qualey Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City by Matthew Desmond This book won the Pulitzer, and the National Book Critics Circle Award, and I can absolutely see why. Author Matthew Desmond spent months living in a trailer park and then an inner-city rooming house in Milwaukee, getting to know the renters and their landlords and observing firsthand what the housing crisis looks like. By telling these stories, he shows how hard it is for the poor to find and keep decent, affordable housing. This book frequently infuriated me, but it also raised in me a strong sense of compassion for people who are struggling and a desire to look for opportunities to help and advocate for fairer housing policies. It’s an important book. -Teresa Preston Exit West by Mohsin Hamid Wow. This is such an amazing book, and despite it being set in a near future, it’s completely current. In fall-into-prose, Hamid tells a love story between two refugees, where doors offer escape from their war-torn country. I love how so many authors are using fabulism in their novels recently, and Hamid’s fabulistic doors offer a unique look into the sudden-ness of being forced to leave home. Exit West is such a bittersweet, human story. I recommend reading it in 1-2 sittings; its so easy to become swept up in the prose. Despite the war, loss, and grief the characters experience, its still a hopeful read. It makes me think that maybe the world can be a better place; that we can learn to all be human together. I anticipate giving this to many friends this year. Go read it! Margaret Kingsbury The Fifth Season by N.K. Jemisin I know I’m a little late with this one, but holy crap this was an incredible book. It is definitely my favorite Jemisin so far. I have a list in my head of the people dead or alive that I would like to have at my dream dinner party (other guests include Octavia Butler and Samuel Delany) and N.K. Jemisin is for sure on the list now. The Fifth Season is an incredibly unique, inventive fantasy with a cast of complex, fascinating characters (human and sort-of-human). Also, surprise! Significant characters include a trans woman and a bisexual man. People of color are also front and center. I  cannot WAIT to read the next book. Casey Stepaniuk Flame in the Mist by Renee Ahdieh I’ve been on a solid run of fantastic books so it was really hard to choose only one this month. I was hooked by the excellent formula of: girl disguised as a boy + magic + feudal Japan + complicated family dynamics. But then there’s the execution, which is just excellent. I was entirely entranced. I listened to the audiobook, which is narrated by Nancy Wu, who voiced the Eon audiobooks, and I really enjoy her narration. (audiobook ARC courtesy of Penguin Random House) -Sarah Nicolas The Girls by Emma Cline You might justifiably be tired of all the Girl-titled recent pop culture (“Girlboss” is a painful neologism), but The Girls is brilliant and arresting. It describes, in ferocious emotional detail, what makes a Charles Manson-like cult appealing to disaffected girls. It’s narrated by a teenager discovering that all her life she’s been sold a false bill of goods when it comes to her own value. For instance, she realizes, “All that time I had spent readying myself, the articles that taught me life was really just a waiting room until someone noticed youâ€"the boys had spent that time becoming themselves.” The irony, of course, is that the form of rebellion she seeks out is equally male-dominatedâ€"violently so. Here’s another quote from the book that may resonate with any woman who’s wondered why she feels uncomfortable when a male acquaintance warns her so vehemently to be cautious around other men: “when men warn you to be careful, often they are warning you of the d ark movie playing across their own brains.” Christine Ro Girl Out of Water by Laura Silverman Anise is a surfing-obsessed California girl, forced to leave her home by the beach for a summer taking care of her little cousins in the middle of the country. Her transformation as a character and the relationships she makes, breaks, and mends are fascinating to watch unfold in this YA novel. With vivid setting descriptions, a complicated family backstory, and a very swoon-worthy black boy love interest, I completely fell for Anise and her story while reading Laura Silverman’s debut. Promotional materials recommend this book to fans of Jenny Han and Sarah Dessen, and I certainly agree! Alison Doherty Heroine Worship by Sarah Kuhn Heroine Worship isn’t an easy book to write about, because it means so much for an audience that doesn’t see itself much in literature: young Asian women who might be looking for representation but so rarely get it in mainstream books. In Heroine Complex, she introduces best friends Evie Tanaka and Aveda Jupiter, living millennial lives in San Francisco while fighting off demons trying to take over their city. In Heroine Worship, we return to Evie and Aveda’s life through the eyes of Annie Chang, Aveda’s real identity, but Kuhn doesn’t rehash old tricks. Annie is selfish, and overly dramatic, and more than most people can handle, and she is so very very relatable. In Annie, Sarah Kuhn writes a reminder to women like us who feel too much, who do too much, who want so much, and who have no idea how to manage all of those things at once. She is richly drawn and explored, and given agency to be all that she is, even if some of it isn’t pleasant to look at. It’s a perspectiv e we don’t get to see very often from Asian women, and Sarah Kuhn’s work grapples with it alongside us, comforting even as it pushes past our expectations. Angel Cruz The Hike by Drew Magary Ben is a middle class businessman on his way to a meeting in rural Pennsylvania when he decides to take a hike in the woods behind his hotel. To say that this will become the weirdest, most frightening hike of Ben’s existence is a gross understatement. Along the way, Ben encounters murderous half human/half Doberman creatures, a six-foot-tall cricket, a sarcastic foul-mouthed crab, a 30-foot giantess who makes humans fight for sport, smoke creatures, a Spanish conquistador, and flesh zombies in the darkest Alice-in-Wonderland-esque epic odyssey ever written. I don’t usually gravitate towards weird fiction, but I was completely speechless by the time I finished. I can’t adequately describe this book except to say it’s weird and wonderful and horrifying and emotional and absolutely bonkers, and I’m still recovering from the reading hangover. Katie McLain The Hunting Gun by Yasushi Inoue, translated by Michael Emmerich This short, Japanese novella is the story of an affair told through three letters penned by the three women involved the mistress, her daughter and the betrayed wife. Inoue uses an interesting (if artificial feeling) framing device. He opens the book in the first person, explaining how a poem he composed about a solitary hunter, once glimpsed on a path leading into the woods, came to be published in a friend’s hunting magazine. After its publication he is sent the three letters, collected here, by a man claiming to be the hunter who isnpired the poem. Yet, despite how the story is framed, at its heart it is about the complicated relationships of the three women to each other. The intimate revelations from each make surprisingly satisfying (and quick) reading. Tara Cheesman I Am Not Your Perfect Mexican Daughter by Erika L. Sanchez (Knopf, October) When Olga is hit and killed by a semi, Julia mourns the loss of not just her sister, but what it might mean for what her life will look like down the road. Olga was quiet, stayed at home, and played the role of “good Mexican daughter.” Julia wants out she wants more to her life than her Chicago neighborhood or living at home forever like her sister did. She’s a poet and an art lover and wants to make a life out of writing. Through the process of learning to live without Olga, Julia slowly begins to better understand why her parents, both immigrants, are the way that they are. More, Julia begins to unravel the deep secrets that her sister kept. And it’s during a trip to Mexico to visit family that Julia begins to learn how much her parents sacrificed for her and Olga, as well as how much she has to step up and take control of her own life and future. That it’s OKAY for her not to be someone she isn’t. This well-drawn debut YA novel from Sanchez should delight readers who loved Gabi, A Girl in Pieces. Also, a moment to drool over that cover! Kelly Jensen Imagine Wanting Only This by Kristen Radtke (Pantheon Books) A gorgeous graphic memoir about life, loss, architecture, ruins, history, and humans. When her uncle dies, Kristen Radtke sees a deserted city and becomes obsessed. She journeys across the globe looking for places that people came, saw, conquered, and left behind. Life is impermanent. Our footprints are only around for a little while. Imagine Wanting Only This is the tale of those places. Ashley Holstrom Katherine of Aragon by Alison Weir TUDOR ENGLAND, who doesn’t love it. Alison Weir is embarking on an ambitious project here, to write detailed novels about each of Henry VIII’s storied wives (how she’s going to do super-boring Jane Seymour, I do not know). I’ve had a special place in my heart for Katherine of Aragon since The Tudors, and Katherine of Aragon goes it from her excellent point of view. It could be easy to make her seem overly pious and kind of lame, but this is the daughter of ISABELLA OF CASTILE, and she is damn fascinating. Henry and Katherine were married by far the longest out of any of his wives, and this book gives you a blow by blow of their marriage without sinking into tedium. And Anne Boleyn is now out! Get it. Read it. Love it. If you like historical fiction. If not, then maybe do not do that. Alice Burton The Light We Lost by Jill Santopolo As soon as I saw this book mentioned on Stylist.co.uk and compared to One Day, I leapt onto Netgalley to beg for an advance copy, which the good people at Penguin Random House granted me immediately. I knew I’d love it, and I was right: it’s a novel that explores that age-old dilemma of steady, comfortable, dependable, good-enough love, versus the explosive, amazing, once-in-a-lifetime love that breaks your heart. Claire Handscombe The Lost Book of the Grail by Charlie Lovett If you love books about books, you HAVE to read this novel. Arthur Prescott is a bibliophile and luddite who should rightfully be teaching at Oxford. Instead, he’s at a small uni in Barchester, England, carrying out research in his beloved Barchester Cathedral Library. His monk-like existence is turned topsy turvy when an Instagramming American named Bethany Davis shows up to digitize the library’s medieval manuscripts. There is sooo much to love about this book. The Cathedral Library, for example, reminded me of the Bolton Library in Cashel, Ireland, my favoritest library ever; and as a former academic, I found the portrait Lovett painted of university life to be spot-on and hilarious. All the scenes relating to the “Media Center” were particularly brilliant. I even enjoyed the things that usually annoy me: the slow beginning would normally be a deal breaker, but it served to contrast the pace of Arthur’s life before and after the arrival of Bethany. This book is pure fun, but also smart, with awesome characters and a perfectly paced literary mystery. It’s basically everything I could ever want in a novel. Tasha Brandstatter Material Girl, Mystical World: The Now Age Guide to a High-Vibe Life by Ruby Warrington (Harper Elixir) I normally wouldnt pick up a book like this but something about the confluence of fashion and dharma and tarot and daily life captured my attention. Its peppered with hashtags and fun anecdotes, while managing to be spiritual without being flaky. Its a bit irreverent, which perhaps is its key to success. Its definitely a book Ill be returning to more than once. And can we just talk about the bright pink cover? Love. Jaime Herndon Matylda, Bright and Tender by Holly M. McGhee This is a beautiful middle grade story about best friends, Sussy and Guy, fourth graders who do everything together. They end getting a spotted lizard, name her Matylda, and make up a warrior origin story for her. Shortly after, an accident changes their lives, and Sussy decides she must love Matylda so deeply and care for her so perfectly in order to hold onto Guy and his memory. This story was so incredibly touching and beautiful, and Sussy’s journey through her grief moved at just the right pace. Side note: I cried through most of this book. Karina Glaser No One Can Pronounce My Name by Rakesh Satyal Books about immigrant communities can be so dour and serious, and it’s not that nothing sad or hard happens in this book. But I would dare to use the word “jaunty” to describe it (there is even a roadtrip with a very unlikely band of misfit types). I mostly loved how gentle and compassionate it was towards its characters, how wise and kind a reading experience it was. If it were a tv show it would be a binge-able one-hour dramedy with wickedly smart writing where you and your friends all love and hate the same characters. Jessica Woodbury The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander This book changed the way I see the prison industrial complex by drawing links between public policy, primarily the “War on Drugs,” the egregiously high rates of incarceration and the ongoing struggle for racial equality in the US. While this is not a light book by any meansin discussing the history of race and class struggles in America, how could it be?reading it helped me understand how and why inequality continues to be an issue in modern society, even though and perhaps sometimes because of many institutions’ will to be “colorblind.” Rebecca Renner The New Odyssey by Patrick Kingsley In The New Odyssey, the Guardian’s first migration correspondent offers a panoramic view of the European refugee crisis. In the course of researching this book he traveled to seventeen countries and spoke with refugees, smugglers, coast guard officials, and ordinary citizens providing aid to migrants in need. Instead of focusing on Syrian refugees alone, Kingsley also looks at the vast numbers of refugees coming from countries like Afghanistan, Eritrea, and Somalia. Thought-provoking and moving in equal measure, this is the first book I would recommend to someone who wants to learn more about the refugee crisis. Kate Scott Null States by Malka Older (Tor.com, September 19) You can breathe that sigh of relief you’ve been holding: this follow-up to Infomocracy is just as delightful and interesting as the original. Indeed, Null States retains the charms of its predecessor (a fascinating concept, a thrilling pace, a richly imagined political fantasy, etc.) without being just a dull extension of it. So we get to see what microdemocracy looks like in new places (e.g., a just-barely-post-dictator Darfur) and under new threats (e.g., wars with holdout nation-states or the threatened withdrawal of a major world government). And Older has gotten even better at balancing the specificities of particular people and places with the big-picture political science that shapes the books. Basically, if you loved Infomocracy, get ready to love Null States. And if you haven’t yet gotten around to Infomocracy, do yourself a favor and get on it before September. -Derek Attig The Prey of Gods by Nicky Drayden (Harper Voyager, June 13) In future South Africa, there’s a demigoddess. Not a powerful demigoddess, but a washed-up demigoddess: Sydney has lost all her magic and now works in a salon doing nails, but she has a plan to regain her original status: kill lots of people for their blood. (That always works for me.) Hoping to keep Sydney from achieving her goal is a pop diva, a queer teen with powers, a politician, and a young Zulu girl who has also recently discovered she has a little magic in her. Now add robots, genetic engineering, hallucinogens, and the weirdest interspecies coupling since Roger and Jessica Rabbit, and you’ve got yourself a fantastic tale! This book is so much fun and full of so much weirdness, it makes me cackle with joy. Liberty Hardy Radiate by C. A. Higgins I’ve been with C. A. Higgins for a while. Since her very first book, in fact. This is her third, the last in a trilogy, and it ends in both an incredibly satisfying way, and, as the best books do (as far as I’m concerned) it leaves me wanting more. Radiate picks up where the last book left off, returning us into the middle of the political and dramatic conflict of our own universe but far in the future, where we’ve colonized all the planets in the solar system and many of its moons. We learn what happens to the sentient ship flying through space and to the single human who remains on board. We learn what happens to Ivan and Mattie, reunited at last and fighting to save the woman they have both loved in very different ways. We learn what has happened to the rebellion against the system. And, on top of all that, we learn about a whole bunch of moments in the past that we’ve been wondering about during books one and two. And all this in a volume less than 350 pages long. Higgins is a masterful writer.  Ilana Masad A Rising Man (Sam Wyndham #1) by Abir Mukherjee I love a great mystery. Add great characters that I want to read a whole series of and a setting as important as the main character and I’m in love. Set in 1919 British ruled Calcutta A Rising Man introduces us to Sam Wyndham, a former Scotland Yard detective, who is tasked with solving the murder of a British official. He’s a bit out of his depth considering he’s in a new place, his opium addiction has traveled with him, and he does not understand the many rules/laws against Indians. Enter terrorist suspects, brothels, opium dens, a crush, and an interesting look at early 1900s Calcutta and this had all the ingredients for a super satisfying detective novel. If you’re a fan of mysteries you don’t want to miss this one! Jamie Canaves A Study in Charlotte by Brittany Cavallaro I listened to this on audio after a good friend said she needed me to jump into this series so she could rant with me about the feels, and oh my gosh, I’m so glad I did. I especially like that the Holmes character, Charlotte, is a teenage girl in this rendition. A great, plot driven novel with a touch of romance was exactly what I was looking for to kick off my summer, and this book delivered. -Amanda Kay Oaks Trust Me by Farrah Rochon If you’d told me a month ago that I’d have any interest in reading a novel right now that included political corruption as a major theme, I would have â€" to put it mildly â€" disagreed with you. And yet, I was hooked by Farrah Rochon’s New Orleans political-scene romance Trust Me, within the first few pages. More accurately, I was hooked by Mackenna Arnold, the city council member heroine of her story, and how relatable she was. Mack both loves her job and is frustrated by it. She’s fighting battles on multiple fronts despite knowing she’s not going to win them all. She’s the kind of character I want to sit and drink scotch with at happy hour. Trust Me is a great romance, but it also made me wish Mack was real and could run for something other than fictional mayor of New Orleans. I may not have any higher or more unusual praise for a fictional character right now than wishing real political office upon her. â€" Trisha Brown The Whiskey of Our Discontent: Gwendolyn Brooks as Conscience and Change Agent edited by Quraysh Ali Lansana and Georgia A. Popoff (June 6, Haymarket Books) June 7, 2017 marks the official centennial of the birth of Gwendolyn Brooks. This collection of critical and creative essays examines Brooks’s profound influence over the past hundred years, and considers her legacy not only as a poet, but also as one of our most important and enduring American educators and activists. Her writing about race, gender, and social inequality is integral to the American literary canon. Furthermore, these essays highlight Brooks’s selflessness as a tireless mentor and literary citizen. Each essay is loaded with gorgeous writing, and together they demonstrate that Gwendolyn Brooks will always be remembered for so much more than poems found in anthologies. -Aram Mrjoian Wild by Hannah Moskowitz Wild follows Zach, a Filipino-American runner whose mother suffers from Alzheimers. When he discovers that his girlfriend Jordan â€" who he met on the internet â€" is Deaf, Zach is exposed to a different world. Both Zach and Jordan have to deal with what being in a Deaf/hearing relationship might mean for them. Wild manages to be a lighthearted romance, which is both funny and clever. It heavily features sign language, which is not something you often find in books â€" or elsewhere â€" and was pretty refreshing to read. Adiba Jaigirdar Wishbones by Virginia MacGregor (HQ, May 23rd 2017) This story reminded me why I love to read YA. Foronce we have a protagonist that doesn’t make questionable decisions, who has good intentions that actually lead to positive outcomes. Priya Sridhar The Wrath the Dawn by Renee Ahdieh Lately I’ve really been into reading retellings of fairytales and folktales. I wasn’t familiar with the story of Arabian Nights, so I went into this pretty blind, but I was hooked immediately. The writing is beautiful. The characters are diverse. The world that Ahdieh builds is detailed and well-developed. The love story melted my heart. And even though I have a To-Read pile that’s easily 2-feet high, I just had to run out to Barnes and Noble the next day to get the sequel. Kate Krug

The Art of Speech in the Play Pygimalion Essay - 686 Words

The interchange between language and social class can be symbolized through Shaw’s characters. The author uses different characters to portray different aspects of class divisions. England’s social class, as a major theme, was clarified greatly through the art of speech. Throughout most of civilization, people have been divided in classes. There is the rich and powerful, the middle class who are less powerful but nonetheless respected, and the incapable poor. The author cleverly bestows his characters’ their own identity, by giving each a language and speech that suits their bubble of reality: their own social class. Shaw depicts members of all social classes, the lowest being Liza, known for her London’s working class cockney accent.†¦show more content†¦In this way, he draws our attention to his own art, and to his ability to create, through the medium of speech, not only Pygmalions Galatea, but Pygmalion himself. When Higgins offers to help Eli za become a lady, merely to win a bet, he did not realize the consequences behind it. Higgins was not accustomed to the life of a working class, and so neglected the position Eliza would be put in. When Eliza is transformed to a lady, she finds it hard to adjust in the upper class with her new identity. Her complete agitation to her new character makes her loathe the day she asked Higgins for lessons. This can be shown when the author said, â€Å"Oh! If only I can go back to my flower basket! Why did I give up?† Eliza, like her father, realizes that class mobility changes ones’ identity. In light of the transformation, what happened to Eliza and her father expresses Shaws’ belief that people are capable in improving there lives with the cost of changing their character. Thus, it does not seem astonishing that the difference between a lady and a flower girl lies â€Å"rather in her treatment than in her behavior†. Shaw also successfully portrays the difference in social class based on appearance. Within the book, readers find that the author took time in describing each character’s appearance. This is to show how appearance plays a major role in indicating ones class. At the beginning of the play, Eliza is described as a filthy common beggar from the way she spoke and dressed, by

Do the Benefits of Social Networking Outweigh the Risks

More than 350 million people log into social networking sites each day. While this might be just another fact to support the theory that many people are addicted to social media, one might be tempted to wonder if social media sites have any benefits. The risks and dangers commonly associated with social media certainly seem to disregard these. However, upon closer examination of social media and the possible uses of such sites, a more suitable and reasonable statement is that social media do indeed have benefits that outweigh these risks and dangers. Social media, even with some of its disadvantages, can prove to benefit the education of many young students, if used appropriately. Source B states that Student research participants†¦show more content†¦The video that the 14-year old teen posted was one well-received by many, as it has received millions of views around the world, showing that social media can be used as a means of effective communication across long distances. A Reddit user touched the hearts of many in the online community by posting a simple image gallery of his girlfriend’s nephew, who needed a bone marrow transplant. He asked for donations to help out his family, and within hours, the Internet community had pitched in $31,000 for the cause, and less than a week later, the total had risen to about $55,000. Even if cyber bullying were to break out during this event, one could argue that the pathos conveyed in this photoset will appeal to all kinds of people using social media, and will most likely bring out their kindness in order to express sympathy, among other emotions. Money is fairly hard to earn these days in such a weak economy. Social media, then, creates an intimate feeling of trust among those who participated. Social media can be used to benefit one’s social skills and morals and in general, the social community at large around the world. 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Nike Business Presentation Outline Free Essays

Topic: Nike marketing strategy, social responsibility, and diversity. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the marketing strategy, environmental and social commitment and diversity of Nike company Brief: In my presentation, I will be talking about Nike’s marketing strategy and its social responsibility MARKETING A) INTRODUCTION  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Preview – Because Nike’s success largely depends on its shrewd marketing strategy, I will be explaining to you the importance of marketing to Nike and introducing what marketing strategy Nike is currently deploying. B)   BODY 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike Business Presentation Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing is very important to its viability and profitability a. Since Nike is a consumer product company, it must respond to market changes through aggressive marketing. * If fail to anticipate accurately and respond in timely manner to market changes, Nike could experience material adverse effects on sales and profitability. b. Nike must stay domestically and globally competitive to other large companies such as Puma or Addidas. c. As a result, Nike takes marketing issues very seriously. Nike has been increasingly investing into marketing. (Refer to chart) * Nike experienced a substantial increase in marketing investment in the FY of 07-08, largely because of the Olympic Games 2008. Demand creation in FY 2009 is $2,351. 4 mil. , increased 2% in compare with FY 08 2. Nike is successfully deploying the favorable brand image strategy a. Favorable brand image * Associates with a distinctive logo and advertising slogan â€Å"Just do it† * Advertise itself as a high quality and expensive product company. * Promotion: Nike contracts with high pr ofile athletes and actively sponsors sport events to promote its brand. For example: * Michael Jordan: in 2007, the Jordan brand, now a separate Nike subsidiary with its own building, grossed about $800 million. Tiger Woods: in 2000, Nike agreed to a multi-year deal with Woods worth a reported $105 million (It can be said that Nike is successfully approaching the market by its shrewd marketing strategy. Now, I’ll be talking about Nike Social responsibility) SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INTRODUCTION  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Preview: Nike is a leading socially responsible company. I’ll be exploring Nike’s community investment and environmental commitment. (First, I’ll be talking about community investment) BODY I. Nike has a long history of engagement in communities around the world, investing in their backyards, key markets and manufacturing communities. . In FY07-09, Nike has directly invested in community $168. 8 million – Set the goal of $315 millio n of contributions for FY11 – Involves contributing expertise and philanthropic activity to the community. 2. To achieve its community investment strategy, Nike has developed 2 core approaches: a. Focus on creating new models to provide young people access to the power of sport (to unleash their confidence, leadership, health, education or employment) – The Nike Foundation (separate nonprofit organization): focuses on developing adolescent girls to bring positive changes into community. They has committed more than $100 mil to benefit adolescent girls. b. Promote philanthropic activities and create financial flows that ensure long-term success – Nike manages a portfolio of investment that have triggered donations from consumers to expand its initial investment. – Notable projects: Livestrong, Human Race, Hurley H20 water initiative†¦ (Not only is Nike socially responsible but also Nike is environmentally responsible)  Ã‚  Ã‚   BODY 1. Highly commit ted to sustainable development – To help focus effort and resources where company can make the most impact, Nike developed its own North Star to define sustainable development. . To achieve its goal, Nike has broken it into a number of smaller attainable steps: a. Product design: * Internally, Nike mobilizes its human resources to develop closed-loop product. * Externally, Nike actively posts unresolved problems and requests solutions from outside investors, universities and companies. b. Climate and energy: As a co-founding member of Business for Innovative Climate and Energy Policy (BICEP), Nike and its partners have committed to strategic collaboration to push for US energy and legislation and rule making. c. Water: Nike aims to contract with factories where water is abundant enough to support it operations. * Nike also collaborates with factories to improve efficiency of water-utilizing * Nike encourages its suppliers’ adherence to high quality standards for all of their production. (Nike itself is a diverse company) BODY 1. Diversity and inclusion are key to drive creativity and innovation: – Grows their competitive advantage, recruit – In 2006, Nike appointed its first VP of Diversity. – In 2008, Nike formed a global diversity and inclusion team focused on three areas: a. Engaging employees b. Providing business consultation . Developing innovative tools, models and designs 2. Diversity and inclusion statistics a. Gender diversity: * Global work force is half-male, half-female * Overall management is 60% male and 40% female. b. Ethnicity diversity: c. 55% of its work force is Caucasian, 22% is African American, 13% is Hispanic, 9% is Asian/Pacific islander and 1% is American Indian. d. Supplier diversity: national and regional partners on its suppliers effort, including the National Minority Supplier development council, the Oregon Association of Minority Entrepreneurs and the Women’s business Enterprise National Council. How to cite Nike Business Presentation Outline, Essay examples

Price and Profit Equal to Marginal Cost

Question: Describe about the Price and Profit for Equal to Marginal Cost. Answer: a: The Marginal Cost of cinema is $4. The price is set where Marginal Benefit is equal to Marginal Cost. The monthly benefit of the market is calculated in the following table. Marginal Benefit (Dollar per Movie) greater than or Equal to: Movie Sales per Month REY FINN Market 75.00 1 0 1 30.00 1 1 2 25.00 1 2 3 20.00 1 3 4 15.00 1 4 5 10.00 2 4 6 0.00 3 4 7 Here, the movie is a discrete good. Therefore, the marginal benefit is the demand for the consumer and the market benefit is the market demand. The Profit maximizing price will be $20 per movie. At the profit maximizing price, $20, Rey will buy 1 movie ticket and Finn will purchase 3 movie tickets. Consumer Surplus of a discrete good can be obtained by adding the difference between the willingness to pay and the actual price paid (Bergemann, Brooks and Morris 2014). Consumer surplus of Ren will be, (75-20) = $55 Consumer Surplus of Finn will be, (30-20)+ (25-20)+ (20-20) = 10+5= $15 2b: A new consumer Poe, enters the market. Marginal Benefit (Dollar per Movie) greater than or Equal to: Movie Sales per Month REY FINN POE Market 75.00 1 0 0 1 30.00 1 1 1 3 25.00 1 2 2 5 20.00 1 3 3 7 15.00 1 4 4 9 10.00 2 4 4 10 0.00 3 4 4 11 The profit maximizing price will is set where Marginal Benefit is equal to Marginal Cost (Kulkarni 2014). However, in the above table, there is no value of marginal benefit equal to 4. The firm will not sell at a price where marginal cost is higher. Therefore, it will sell movie tickets at $30 and 3 tickets will be sold. Number of tickets purchased by Rey; Finn and Poe are 1, 1 and 1 respectively. Consumer surplus of Ren will be, (75-30) = $45 Consumer Surplus of Finn will be, (30-30) = $0 Consumer Surplus of Poe will be, (30-30) = $0 The increase in price can be explained by the increase in demand for each unit of price. Rise in demand has led to rise in profit maximizing or equilibrium price. Since more consumers have entered the market, the consumer surplus of Ren has fallen as benefit is getting shared. Moreover, due to increase in the price, the consumers well being has been reduced. They have to pay more for each unit of movie ticket than it used to pay in last month. In the last month, profit-maximizing price was $20 and number of movie ticket was 4. Therefore, the total revenue was ($20 * 4) = $ 80. In this month, profit-maximizing price is $30 and number of movie ticket sold is 3. Therefore, the total revenue is ($30 * 3) = $ 90. The change in revenue is positive and by an amount of (90-80) = $10 and change in cost due to fall in number of ticket sold from 4 to 3, is fall in cost by $4. Therefore, the profit will be more when there is an extra consumer in the market. The increase in price for each unit is the reason behind the rise in cinemas profit. Addition of extra customer will never cause firms profit to fall, as the marginal cost is constant. As a new consumer enters the market, then price for each unit will be increased. If the MC is increasing then after a certain price, profit will be decreased (Roach 2013). This is because, as cost of producing extra unit increases, incentive for the firm will be declined, as net profit will tend to fall and as more price is charged the less quantity will be demanded that is also reduces the profit earned by the firm. The fixed cost remains same and hence, it has no impact in the marginal cost. Therefore, in the above, the calculations are done with the help of marginal cost only. Marginal cost reflects the changes in variable costs of production. 2c: The profit maximizing strategy of cinema of Jakku village enjoys the monopoly. Hence, its price will be set where marginal benefit will be higher than the marginal cost. Therefore, the firm will charge price equal to or more than $20. The profit maximizing strategy of cinema of DQar village has only one consumer. Hence, Poes marginal benefit is the market demand. The firm will charge a price higher than $15 for each movie, as at this price MB=MC. Dollar per Movie MB of Poe 75.00 0 30.00 1 25.00 2 20.00 3 15.00 4 10.00 4 0.00 4 3a: The fixed cost is $10 and marginal cost is $3. The profit maximizing bundles that the firm will sell will charge different price for Han and other price for Luke and Leia. For Han, the profit-maximizing price can be calculated as follows. Quantity Price Revenue (P x Q) Variable Cost (MC x Q) Profit (Revenue- Cost) 1 16.00 16 3 13 2 10.00 20 6 14 3 4.00 12 9 3 4 0 0 12 -12 5 0 0 15 -15 Here, profit is maximized when price is $10 selling 2 units of that good. Now, for Luke and Leia together, the market demand and the revenue; variable cost and profit are shown in the following table. Price Luke Leia Market Revenue (PxQ) Variable Cost (MC x Q) Profit (Revenue- Cost) 24 1 0 1 24 3 21 20 1 1 2 40 6 34 18 2 1 3 54 9 45 14 2 2 4 56 12 44 12 3 2 5 60 15 45 8 3 3 6 48 18 30 6 4 3 7 42 21 21 2 4 4 8 16 24 -8 0 4 5 9 0 27 -27 The profit is maximized at two points. Hence, the firm can charge either $18 for 3 units or $12 for 5 units. Hence, the profit maximizing bundles will be either 2 units for Han (at $10) and 3 or 5 units (at $18 or $12) for Luke and Leia. Consumer Surplus for Han will be,(16-10)+ (10-10) = $6 Consumer Surplus for Luke when price is $18 will be, (24-18) + (18-18) = $6 Consumer Surplus of Leia when price is $18 will be, (20-18) = $2 OR, Consumer Surplus for Luke when price is $12 will be, (24-12) + (18 12) + (12-12) = $18 Consumer Surplus of Leia when price is $12 will be, (20-12)+ (14- 12) = $10 The primary reason of getting different consumer surplus is that the willingness to pay for each consumer is different (Baumol, W. and Blinder 2015). Another reason is that the firm charges discriminating price for the consumers. It charges low price for Han, as he is a student and charges different price for Luke and Leia. 3b For Luke, the profit-maximizing price can be calculated as follows. Quantity Price Revenue (P x Q) Variable Cost (MC x Q) Profit (Revenue- Cost) 1 24 24 3 21 2 18 36 6 30 3 12 36 9 27 4 6 24 12 12 5 0 0 15 -15 Here, profit is maximized when price is $18 selling 2 units of that good. Now, for Han and Leia together, the market demand and the revenue; variable cost and profit are shown in the following table. Price Leia Han Market Revenue (P x Q) Variable Cost (MC x Q) Profit (Revenue- Cost) 20 1 0 1 20 3 17 16 1 1 2 32 6 26 14 2 1 3 42 9 33 10 2 2 4 40 12 28 8 3 2 5 40 15 25 4 3 3 6 24 18 6 2 4 3 7 14 21 -7 0 4 4 8 0 24 -24 The profit-maximizing price for Leia and Han will be $14 and 3 units will be sold. Hence, the firm charges lower price for the students. Consumer Surplus of Luke will be, (24-18) + (18-18) = $6 Consumer Surplus of Leia will be, (20-14) + (14-14) = $6 Consumer Surplus of Han will be, (16-14) = $2 3c The total profit is of Firm in part A will be, $14 + $45 - $10= $49, where 10 dollar is the fixed cost. Total profit of firm in part B will be, $30+ $33- $10= $53, where 10 dollar is the fixed cost. The firm earns more profit in part B, because, the there are more people in the low marginal benefit group. Therefore, it can charge considerable higher price from the person with high MB. However, in part A, the person with low MB was affecting the possibility of charging high price from the person with high MB. 3d When Leia and Han do not have identification to show their membership of low marginal benefit group, but Luke has membership of golf club. Hence, in this case, the firm will charge more prices for Luke. It will be similar as the part b for Question 3. The firm would adopt direct discrimination strategy of pricing. The key economic characteristic of the firms pricing scheme is to maximize profit by charging high price from the consumer who has high marginal benefits (Cowan 2012). This is the third-degree price discrimination. When the firm raises price, while enabling direct price discrimination for the high demand consumers, it helps to extract more surplus as profit (Maurice, S.C. and Thomas 2015). Since the calculation will be same as part b of question 3, it can be said the in this case the profit of the firm will be similar as found in part B, i.e., $53, which is greater than the profit earned in case of part a. 4a MB Snoke Quality Kylo Quality Total 6.5 1 0 1 4.5 2 0 2 3.5 2 1 3 3 3 1 4 2 3 2 5 1.5 3 3 6 1.25 3 4 7 0.5 4 4 8 0.25 4 5 9 The firm will perceive the Snoke and Kylo quality together and by considering total demand at each price level, it will be able to maximize its profit. MB = MC is the condition for profit maximization. However, since MC is not given the profit maximizing price and output cannot be obtained from the above table. 4b: Since the price of coffee beans are rising it implies that, the cost of input is increasing. The economic theory suggests that the price of the product will also increase in order to maintain its level of profits. Hence, the argument of increasing price of the cup of coffee is economically feasible. Since the cost incurred by the coffee shop cannot be reduced, it has only one way to maintain its profit level, i.e. to increase the charge. The profit of the firm is the difference between Revenue and total cost (Hildenbrand 2014). If total cost has been increased, then to maintain the same profit level the firm has to increase its revenue by charging higher price. The rise in coffee beans price is expected to last only for one month. Hence, the coffee shop may not wish to increase its price as the change is only for a short term. If the price would have increased permanently or for a long time, then to maintain the profit level the coffee shop would have wished to raise the price of the cup of coffee. However, if the elasticity of demand for coffee is too high, then rise in the price of cup of coffee will lead to significant fall in demand (Mankiw 2015). If this happens, then the firm will incur a severe loss in spite of charging a high price due to hike in the input cost. Therefore, the firm can wait for a month and charge same price for cup of coffee. In contrast in the demand is too inelastic then rise in price will not affect the demand made by consumers. As a result of this, the firm can generate significant profits by charging high price when the cost of coffee beans have gone up. References Baumol, W. and Blinder, A., 2015.Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Bergemann, D., Brooks, B.A. and Morris, S., 2014. The limits of price discrimination. Cowan, S., 2012. Third Degree Price Discrimination and Consumer Surplus.The Journal of Industrial Economics,60(2), pp.333-345. Hildenbrand, W., 2014.Market demand: Theory and empirical evidence. Princeton University Press. Kulkarni, K.G., 2014. Principles of Microeconomics. Mankiw, N.G., 2015. Principles of Microeconomics, Cengage Learning. Maurice, S.C. and Thomas, C., 2015.Managerial Economics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Roach, T., 2013. Principles of Microeconomics.

A Formalist reading of There is a girl Inside Essays -

A Formalist reading of There is a girl Inside' Over the years in many different ways poetry have been analyzed . One su ch approach is the "New Criticism ," or the "Formalist Criticism " , which is based on the writings of Coleridge. Formalism is a school of literary criticism where the main focus is in the text itself and in the structural purposes of a particular text rather than the straight forward analytical meaning . Neither author's intension nor reader's response is major here as in both cases personal association can overlook the organic unity. So, i n the formalist reading of a text , it is analyzed without any external influence . "There is a girl Inside" comes across best when studying the poem with the formalist approach. The formalist reading of this poem focuses in the poem's form and elements like f oregrounding, parallelism, deviation, and structural contents like image, symbol, metaphor, simile, stylistics, tone etc and how all these can stand together for an organic unity of the poem , which may be overlooked, and analyzes it to see what its effect is on the meaning of the poem. There are other aspects taken into consideration, like studies the use of Defamiliarization as a mean to figure out the disruption to the habitual perception of the world which provide a new and different meaning to a text and how the author incorporates "ironic awareness" into the poem, taking into consideration the speake r and the speaker's indications for th e organic unity. In "There Is a Girl Inside" , there is the notion that the speaker is an old woman who is in a dilemma of embracing maturity as she still fee ls young and vital inside herself. So, the main tension in the poem is probably the gap between youth and age, in between where the speaker is aware of the difference in her inner and outer surface . Through the conflict in language of youthful vitality with the language of aging and decay , the central theme develops and structuralizes . In the poem, the words "girl", "randy" refers to a free woman out of the shackle. The multi dimension al narrative of the poem reveals the dream of a miraculous transformation, the "second coming" of youth or revival of youth , despite her "bo nes" and "gray hairs". T he paradox of timeless youth here keeps the tension strong and rebounding. A close examination of the poem's formal elements will enable the discovery of the spe cific nature of the theme, and how the poem establishes it . The first thing to notice is the images within the poem. The images of wolf, green tree, forest, bones, nun, gray hairs, harvest, honey, thyme, wild wood showcases the a lteration of youth with images of age . The final f ive lines of the poem consist major images of youth, fe rtility, and sexuality, which evoke the sense that y outhfulness can overpower age and decay . There are total of five full stops in the first two stanzas, but there is only one comma in the third stanza and no punctuation at all in the final stanza until get ting to the period that ends the poem. This dramatic decrea se in punctuation suggests acceleration, excitement, and power reinforcing the emphasis on the victory of youth over age in the final stanza of the poem . For the girl inside to be a "green tree in a forest of kindling" is a metaphor that speaks of impending doom. That young tree, must eventually be made into kindling, cut down and burned up. But for now it is a sort of symbol of resistance, a growing and perfect thing not yet destroyed."Green girl" implies that the girl is naive and virgin to the world. " patient as a nun" refers that Nuns take a promise of chastity, poverty and obedience which means that they renounce the material world. The image of the nun forms a bridge between the inexperienced girl and the old woman. And as a nun waits patiently for her reward, so the woman and the girl inside have both waited patiently for

Management at SOL

Management at SOL Overview SOL is a cleaning service based in Finland. It can be described as one of the high-technology companies in the world. It was founded in 1992 by Joronen. SOL offers security services, cleaning services, domestic services, and facility services. The supervisors together with the employees make their own budget and other plans for the company.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management at SOL specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their activities have been computerized to make their work easier and they can work anywhere using their laptops and phones. This paper will discuss management functions in relation to SOL, describe it as an â€Å"old workplace† and also give an analysis of its efficiencies and effectiveness. Functions of Management There is no business that does not have a manager, be it a salon, a petrol station, cleaning service and the list is endless. All managers in all forms of businesses perf orm similar functions, which are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. All these functions are important and organization cannot perform properly if any of them is missing. The foremost function is planning; a manager has the responsibility of determining an organizations goals and devising ways of achieving them (Erven, 2009). When we look at SOL, this is quite evident since the 135 supervisors have been vested with the power to open up new studios in areas of their choice as long as they will be profitable to the business. Each supervisor preside over 50 cleaners and they work together. They work with targets which are normally set beyond the normal operations but they have to be realistic and achievable. The second component of management is organizing; managers have the responsibility of organizing personnel as well as the companies’ resources. They have to know the exact number of employees required for a particular shift and equip them with the required skills (Pakhare, 2010). SOL managers/supervisors have been able to achieve this as their employees have to go through the seven modules of training that normally take 28 months before they can be allowed to work for the company. On top of the normal training, SOL employees are enlightened on time management, customer care skills, and budgeting. There is a difference between leading and managing. The work of manager is to manage employees and ensure that tasks are completed in a timely manner. On the other hand, it is the duty of employees to follow the orders of the manager simply because he is the one in-charge.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A leader is a person who is able to motivate employees in achieving the company’s goals. In most cases, the manager acts as the leader. At SOL, the supervisors acts as both managers and leaders; they allocate duties to thei r employees and at the same time motivate them through involving them in the decision making process where they discuss their targets and ways of achieving them. Managers have a responsibility of monitoring the company’s performance to ensure that the objectives are met. They should always make sure that cost does not exceed the company’s performance (Pakhare, 2010). SOL as an â€Å"old workplace† I would evaluate SOL as an old workplace that has been upgraded to meet the current customer needs. It is a high technology company that has evolved over along period of time to become what it is today. At the time when it was launched (1992), it was just an ordinary company. However, it has taken another angle to prove that, cleaning is not an inferior career but a career like any other. Joronen has dedicated her life to her company to make it what it is today. She used her intelligence and knowledge to transform what was formally known as an illiterate person’ s work to a professional work. SOL Company uses high technology and advanced equipment in its operation. It has been able to attract both local and international customers due to its efficient services. At SOL, there is no discrimination and employees can clean all sorts of mess ranging from the hospitals, vegetable stores, executive offices, and the list is endless. Joronen is a good manager who understands customers needs and looks for ways of satisfying them through training her employees. She understands that, an unhappy customer can lead to a decline in performance since she is likely to tell about ten people. SOL innovativeness is facilitated by the use of decentralized structures where supervisors are allowed to experiment new services. An effective procedure is followed in order to establish new and attractive ideas for the success of the company. SOL’s superior marketing strategy complements its mission statement and has seen its services being well positioned in the market. The company’s reputable brand name is a source of competitive advantage as it lures customer traffic. SOL’s low cost strategy offers are also an effective marketing tool.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management at SOL specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to enhance its uniqueness and competitive advantage, SOL has reconfigured its value chain through horizontal and vertical integration (Daft, 2009). It has developed a core competency in its patented software technology, which not only provides an efficient link between the company’s value creating activities, but also boosts business efficiency through speedy transactions and fulfilment services with reduced margin of error. SOL’s Efficiency and Effectiveness SOL efficiency roots from it’s compete Human resources who ensure growth and development through innovation and creativity. It is headed by competent supervis ors. Its human resources can be described using the following: Human resources is composed of talented personnel Upon appointment they go through a training process Workforce planning-organization of staff Team empowerment nurtures a culture of innovation. Skills management fits in with frugality value. Employees are motivated to think and act like owners Utilizing independent contractors and temporary personnel tallies with seasonality of business Strong leadership is the cornerstone of any organisation’s success and SOL is no different. Supervisors’ direct involvement in the day to day running of the company, particularly the organisation of teams, fosters an informal top management style, which promotes upward feedback and effective deployment of human resources according to proficiency. SOL has realised a high turnover growth which offsets its low profit margins and enables sustainability of the cooperation’s price-based competitive advantage. In addition to reinvestment of margins, SOL has achieved differentiation through its services as well as imperfect mobility of its brand name, which is inimitable. Hence, SOL enjoys market dominance and first mover advantages through technological innovations (Brewer, 2010). From its initial existence, it has developed its strategy through; Market Penetration, Consolidation, service development, Market development and related diversification. It has therefore capitalised on its core competencies through vertical integration, horizontal, and geographical diversification. In line with its marketing strategy, SOL uses products that are environmental friendly with the aim of conserving the natural resources. The employees understand their ethical responsibility to the community and they always aim at satisfying their customers as well as being environmental friendly (SOL website, 2009). The internal expansion focused on improved services for existing customers and new markets. This has generated (a dditional) value into SOL’s existing business thus increased competitive advantage. Reference List Brewer, D. (2010). Management efficiency effectiveness and economy Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Daft, R.L. (2009). Organization Theory and Design. Cengage Learning, Wiley and Sons. Erven, B. L. (2009). The five functions of management. Ohio State University Extension Web. Pakhare, J. (2010). Management Concepts- The four functions of management Web. SOL website (2009). Sunny SOL at your service Web.

Authorizing Infringement and Secondary Infringement Essay

Authorizing Infringement and Secondary Infringement - Essay Example    File-sharing refers to exchanging copyrighted files through the internet with a financial inducement involved without getting permission from the copyright owner (â€Å"Protecting UK Music†). This was the same case with the University of New South Wales vs. Moorehouse where the university did not make it clear to students that copying any material without prior direct permission from the copyright owner is illegal and it provided a means and material for the infringement, a copier and paper (â€Å"European IP Bulletin, Issue 25, September-Hot Topics†). The providers of peer to peer networks then become liable for authorizing file sharing. For example Apple iTunes does not expressly warn purchasers that they cannot share music; it even encourages people to join its ‘PING† network where among others; people can see what music you ‘like’ and have downloaded and one can ‘burn’ audio playlists ‘up to seven times’(Apple) . Apple is not expressly prohibiting sharing of music; if one burns a playlist seven times who is liable if the person shares it? And can Apple be considered to be tolerant of sharing? Apple can be considered to countenance because it does not give conditions for making copies but says a playlist can be ‘burned up to seven times’, but for what purpose (Brendan).  In the CBS and others vs. Amstrad Consumer Electronics Plc and Other ruling in 1988, the judge ruled in favor of the defendant that it granted the ability for consumers to make copies of tapes onto blank equipment but did not give consumers the right to copy (â€Å"CBS Songs Ltd and Others vs. Amstrad Consumer Electronics Plc and Another†), so they were not liable for authorization, though their products were or could be used to infringe on copyrights; the ruling says the defendant was not guilty but he facilitated a means to infringe on copyright so, in reality, they should be liable for acts of comm ission and omission to the extent of authorizing duplication basically authorizing secondary infringement.     

Contemporary Social Issues in Japan Research Paper - 1

Contemporary Social Issues in Japan - Research Paper Example Various factors like social system, family life, parent child communication and defective school system are considered the major causes for this social problem. At present, various kinds of support systems which provide help and assistance for young people, parents and teachers are available in Japan. News reports and magazine articles in Japan have reported the anxiety among the social activists and research professionals about a social trouble which has been noted as seriously affecting the country. They have also identified this new social phenomenon causing for severe behavioral changes among the youths. Michael J. Dziesinski states; â€Å"A new term, Hikikomori, was coined for this social phenomenon by Japanese psychologist Tamaki Saito to describe a disturbing behavioral trend towards complete social withdrawal among Japanese youths† (Dziesinski1). Studies prove that it is a disturbing behavioral trend towards absolute social and cultural withdrawal among the Japanese youth. In the end of the 1970s, some news papers and journal articles have published reports about some kinds of challenging behavior and social withdrawal from the part of Japanese youth. In the beginning of the 1990s sociologists have noticed the fact that a gradual growth took place in these behavior al disorders. The dilemma of Hikikomori became a serious social problem in Japan as it affecting the young people who are often regarded as the wealth of a nation. Therefore, Hikikomori creates serious behavior disorders among the Japanese youth and their social withdrawal negatively affects the social and economic growth of the nation. Western psychologists and research professionals consider Hikikomori as a culture bound disease. It has been noted as adversely affecting a particular nation for the duration of a particular moment in its social and cultural history. Psychologists admit Hikikomori

Jindal Steel Power Limited

Jindal Steel Power Limited Jindal Steel Power Limited Company Profile Jindal Steel Power Limited, part of the Jindal Organization, is one of the important steel producers of the country. Founded at Hisar, Haryana by industrialist O P Jindal, it is currently the third largest producer in India in terms of tonnage. It manufactures sponge iron, iron ore etc. as well as active in power generation. With revenue of about $1363.5 million last year, the company employs more than 15000 people throughout the world. The company has its headquarters in New Delhi and is presently headed and managed by Naveen Jindal, son of late O P Jindal. (www.datamonitor.com) Decision making and analysis In the contemporary scenario, the success or breakdown of the business is closely associated with the class of decision making. Decision making at Jindal steel and power takes place at three levels * Corporate level: The decisions here generally concentrate on companys core competence, backward and forward integration, competitive advantages and manpower retention by employee empowerment. * Middle management: The decisions concern realization of goals set by the top management and to monitor the progress and make any mid course correction. * Operational management: Decisions related to product quality, delivery and after sales service to ensure customer satisfaction at all levels (internal as well as external). Strategic decision Cyclic industries like iron ore, steel or power are very susceptible to changes in government policies or in terms of availing new opportunities. Jindal management is in tune with such highly efficient strategic decision making. One such strategic decision taken by Jindal Steel and Power ltd. is discussed herein- â€Å"Jindal Steel and Power Limited has entered into a strategic alliance with Hydro Power development corporation of Arunachal Pradesh and the state government, to set up Subansiri Middle, a 1600 MW hydro electric power plant there (Asia Pulse, November 25,2009)†. The decision is considered strategic because- * This project will make them big enough in hydro electric power generation to eliminate any competition * There is a tremendous gap between supply and demand of power in India; this project will ensure returns which will never be affected adversely by any downturn in economy or political changes in the country. * Involves high degree of uncertainty and risk * Involves huge capital investment in the form of fixed assets and infrastructure Thus such decision is taken after undertaking extensive research and information analysis. Some of the important areas of research or information required before taking the decision are- * Information on the available alternatives to the decision; a critical and thorough analysis of the alternatives is required as huge investments are involved * Facts and information about the benefits or services being provided by the concerned state government like tax holidays, subsidies, land etc. (Arunachal Pradesh state government provides various incentives like Sales tax/VAT exemption up to 99% or low predetermined lease rents of land, (www.arunachalpradesh.nic.in). * Local and national competitors in Arunachal Pradesh, as well as analysis of the target areas * Information on availability of raw materials, labor supply and transportation facilities in the state of Arunachal Pradesh; as well as the legal and operational costs involved in the setting up of the plant Tactical Decision A tactical decision taken by Jindal steel and power management is â€Å"declaring a dividend of 550% for the shareholders†. The decision was taken after the company reported more than two-fold growth in consolidated net profits (www.jindalsteelpower.com). The decision taken here is tactical as- * It is medium term; dividends for one fiscal year * the decision is not very frequent or repetitive * the company will build brand loyalty and retain loyal stakeholders * Quantitative information is available about companys financials Although these decisions are less risk prone and have medium term effects, still they need to be taken after thoroughly analyzing the available information. Information required by the Jindal management before declaring dividends is discussed below * Complete information about the companys financial performance and reports * Understanding of the companys financial ratios to maintain a balanced financial leverage and favorable debt-equity ratio * Information on the other viable alternatives where the profits could be invested, if dividends are not to be declared * Competitor dividend policies whether dividends are declared by rival companies in that particular quarter Operational decision The bottom line of Jindal group depends on the decisions taken at operational levels. The guiding principles of decision making are waste management, quality management, delivery management in the most cost effective way. Jindal steel and power decided to hire another local transport company for the purpose of delivery of their raw materials from the market to logistics/ factory unit or goods from factory to market. The decision here is regarded as operational due to the reasons mentioned below- * The decision involved here is immediate and involves lower costs * Is for a short period of time * Has limited scope for decision * The decision is repetitive and susceptible to frequent changes Such decisions are often based on computerized data, experience of the managers or locally available information. Some information requirements are * Information about the cost and time benefits/losses associated with the decision * Comparative analysis of the available options (transport companies in this case) Competitive Intelligence Information on strategic and tactical moves of competitors plays crucial role in survival or death of an organization. Jindal Steel and Power limited is no exception to this. At Jindal, management is aware of its competition and does whatever it takes to keep ahead of the competitors. The main competitors of Jindal Steel and Power limited are * Steel Authority Of India Limited * Tata Steel * Tata Power * MSP Steel and Power limited Some cases or situations where information on competitors decisions and policies may prove or proved quite useful are discussed below Recently, when Steel Authority of India Limited entered into an exclusive agreement with the Indian Railways for supplying products, Jindal Steel and Power aware of the decision and the consequences, filed a case with the Competition Commission of India against Indian Railways on the basis that the exclusive agreement would threaten the likelihood of competitors contending for the projects through competitive bids (Business Standard, November 9, 2009). In another instance, Jindal steel and power ltd. being aware of the fact that the demand for galvanized iron and steel is quite high in many areas of north India, have themselves planned to launch something on the lines of galvanized steel launched by Tata steel in July 2009 (India Business Insight, November 2009). Having information about the decision of Tata steel to launch a new form of galvanized steel will prove quite beneficial to Jindal steel as they can launch a better product than the competitors and thus ensure that there is no loss or damage to their market share for the product in North India. In a similar situation, information on MSP steel and powers expansion plans in Chhattisgarh (www.myiris.com) is of utmost relevance to Jindal Steel and Power as it has a considerable market share in Chhattisgarh and MSP steel and powers expansion there might affect Jindals business and market share. Thus JSPL can take certain decisions and change/develop plans for their own expansion to make sure that there is no effect on their market share and they have a competitive edge over their competitors. Another instance where knowledge about competitors decisions and information proved quite beneficial to JSPL is regarding the setting up of a power plant in Arunachal Pradesh. Jindal Steel and Power, knowing about the plan of Reliance power to set up 1000 MW hydro electric power plant in Arunachal Pradesh (India Business Insight, 2009), formulated its own strategies and decisions accordingly, and decided to set up a hydro electric power plant with more power generation capacity before the establishment of Reliance Powers plant there. B2B Commerce Jindal Steel and Power Whatever the size of the business may be, B2B e-commerce undoubtedly adds value to its operations. Jindal group has kept itself abreast with the latest technology and launched a B2B portal Steelmart.com for the steel sector. It has formed alliances with various service providers like Indiaport.com and many others to provide a perfect environment for choosing and selecting new business associates for carrying out the transactions, not only for the companies under the Jindal group but the other firms in the steel sector as well. However in context of Jindal Steel and power, through this initiative, Jindal group intends to provide Jindal steel and power with an easy access to market functionaries: producers, distributors, suppliers etc and an electronic marketplace solution (Business Line, September 2000). This enables JSPL to ensure a continuous availability of raw materials whenever required to improve the efficiency level of operations and supply/distribution channels. B2B without any question offers variety of information on products, suppliers, product time and lead time, competitors, market share etc. and therefore besides the portal, Jindal management has developed an extensive system of B2B commerce or in other words, an online system providing suppliers all over the country the facility to register with the Jindal group and supply raw materials and other resources as and when required by the company. Jindal group already has a well established Enterprise Resource Planning and SAP mechanism, and B2B is just another leap forward to become more cost effective and competitive. Looking at the pace with which Jindal Steel and Power has rose to a position of eminence in the steel and energy industry, B2B holds even more importance for the company in the future and has very high future potential. Conclusion Jindal Steel and Power limited can be thus seen as a highly efficient and competitive company, in tune with the latest aspects of the technology and development, possessing at the same time, the wide experience and knowledge of an equally effective and efficient management team. The company is a live example of excellence and perfectionism involving highly competent decision making, planning and execution of the strategies. References * Indias Jindal to setup 1600 MW power plant in Arunachal (2009). Asia Pulse (Internet), 25 November. Available from Accessed 24th November 2009 * Arunachal Pradesh State Industrial Policy (2008), Department of Industries, Government of Arunachal Pradesh (Internet). Available from Accessed 24th November 2009 * Jindal Steel net up 2 fold; announces 550% dividend (2009) Press Trust of India (Internet) 27 May. Available from Accessed 24th November 2009 * Press Trust of India (2009) JSPL files complaint against railways with CCI. Business Standard (Internet) 9 November. Available from Accessed 25th November 2009 * Tata launches Galvanized Steel brand (2009). India Business Insight (Internet) 13 July. Available from Accessed 25th November 2009 * Company Profile ‘Jindal Steel and Power limited (2008). Available from Accessed 24th November 2009 * IRIS Business Service (2008) MSP Steel announces expansion plans (Internet) 13 August. Available from Accessed 25th November 2009 * Reliance Power to set up a hydroelectric power plant in Arunachal Pradesh (2009). India Business Insight (Internet) 30 September. Available from Accessed 25th November 2009 * The Hindu Bureau (2000) O P Jindal group launches portal for steel sector (Internet) 30 September. Available from Accessed 26th November 2009

Message to teachers on world teachers day Essay

Each year on World Teachers’ Day, we take special timeout to recognize the priceless contribution our teachers continue to make in transforming our country. The educationists captured it aptly when they stated that teachers are â€Å"†¦ attractive models who advertise, by their very being- that learning does produce wondrous results†. Everytime I move around everyday, I see the efforts of our teachers at work, playing a vital role in our communities. No matter what the situation or circumstances, whether working in sophisticated surrounds with state of the art facilities or in basic classrooms with modest equipment, I encounter in everyone the most extraordinary enthusiasm among all of the teachers here, as well as a deep commitment to their students and a determination to use their knowledge and skills to reach every students in their classroom. Teaching has always been a demanding profession, but in an increasingly complex, highly technical and fast changing world, our classrooms are ever more challenging, with many of our young people struggling with difficult social and personal issues. That so many students in these circumstances nonetheless go on to acquire the essential skills they need to participate fully in our society is a tribute to the persistence, dedication and professionalism of their teachers. For all these reasons, World Teachers Day is a wonderful opportunity for the whole community to acknowledge the critical role that teachers play and recognise and thank them for the invaluable contribution they make to shaping and helping to secure the future of our society. On the occasion of World Teachers Day 2013, I am delighted to express my sincere appreciation, on behalf of the parents and students of Marcelo MH Del Pilar NHS for the untiring dedication and commitment to delivering a quality education to all our students. I wish all teachers today an enjoyable World Teachers Day Celebration and hope that whatever the challenges, you will continue to find many rewards and much satisfaction in what you do – educating, nurturing and protecting our most precious resource – our young people. To all Students: Teachers are one of the greatest people whom you can across in your life. They are not only the selfless givers but also the mentors of your life. At every step of your life, you come cross teachers who devote their entire life in the enlightenment of students like you. For sure, teachers’ definition can’t be limited to a subject teacher because anyone who guides you in your life is a teacher. Many a times in life, you feel like thanking your teacher but you do not find a proper occasion. So this teachers’ day commemorate your teachers’ efforts and thank him for being the guiding light in your life. You can express your gratitude for your teacher with many simple ways- flowers, greeting cards, tokens, etcetera†¦but most of all, show your gratitude by just being good boy or girl in class†¦That’s all! To all our Stakeholders: Our education system has been blessed with scores of committed, competent and caring teachers who embody those traits. We must continue to support their efforts since we all ultimately stand to benefit in numerous tangible ways. I would like to use this opportunity to appeal to all education stakeholders to join the Department of Education in supporting our hardworking teachers of Marcelo H. Del Pilar NHS. I must restate my call for parents to invest more time in ensuring the academic success of their children by working more closely with our teachers. In turn, our teachers have committed to ensuring that parents are constantly updated regarding their children’s progress through consistent parent-teacher conferences which have now been institutionalized. We are highly encouraged by the recent improvements noted in the education system- the K to 12; Senior HS Implementation; and many more! (Share programs in school level pls! ) We must continue these trends, and the ones who have the greatest role to play in this regard are our teachers. I urge all of you to continue to make us proud as you strive for excellence in education. We fully support Our Dear Teachers! †¦ and I urge all our education stakeholders to join me in ensuring that our teachers receive their due recognition today on the grand celebration of World Teachers’ Day 2013 here at Marcelo DP NHS. MABUHAY!!!

Role of MIS: Employee Privacy Rights in the Workplace

The Information Age came upon us. As a concept, or stage of human history, it suggests a number of propositions. It implies that there is more information now than ever before an indisputable claim. The concept also implies that more people spend more time producing and using more information than ever before another indisputable assertion. In recent years and for the foreseeable future, organizations have been facing rapidly changing business environments which have challenged their executives (both Management Information Systems (MIS) and non-MIS) to handle issues such as downsizing, outsourcing, leveraged buyouts, strategic alliances, flexible manufacturing, just-in-time scheduling, globalization, business process re-engineering and total quality management. These environmental changes have placed demands on there MIS departments to support product innovation, new production techniques and changing organizational designs and to provide timely, high-quality information. The introduction of the Internet, e-mail, and other forms of electronic communication has revolutionized the workplace and given rise to new and improved business practices, including widespread access to information and instant communication among suppliers, customers, and employees. Management encourages employees to make full use of these new electronic tools to further the company's business objectives and that is where Management Information Systems are employed. However, increasing use of electronic communication has spawned new forms of employee misconduct. As management responds to employee abuse of electronic communications, the tension between management fights and employee privacy fights is heightened. Management wants to be free to fully monitor electronic communications to ensure that they are used for legitimate business purposes in the company's best interests. Employees seek to safeguard their privacy and want the freedom to use these new electronic tools for personal and business purposes. This ongoing struggle – between privacy and management fights – underlies the legal issues arising from employee e-mail and Internet use around the world. Data Analysis The extended theory founded on this core belief divides U.S. economic history into different eras, depending on the primary economic activity during the period (Duncan 1994). From colonial times until late in the 19th century, the American economy was agrarian. Then, roughly from the dawn of the 20th century through the end of the Second World War, it was preeminently a manufacturing economy. Industry especially heavy industry was the motor that drove the entire economic engine. After World War II, the American economy increasingly came to be dominated by its service sector. By the mid-1950s, more than one-half of all U.S. employment was devoted to providing services rather than to fabricating goods (Duncan 1994). The Pre-Information Age business office was supported by the hierarchical managerial system to keep track of employees and the work they produced (Dmytrenko 1992). Office equipment included information producing tools, such as typewriters and adding machines. Most of the equipment was simple, manual in operation, bulky, and noisy. Clerical staff primarily used this equipment, as they were the appointed information processors of the time. Early efforts to improve office efficiency used industrial engineering techniques, employing time and motion studies to standardize the work tasks of office support staff, and maximize the workflow through effective office design. Information management was categorized as an intensely manual recordkeeping process (Dmytrenko 1992). Filing systems (alpha and/or numeric), and cross-referenced indexes were the prevailing records management techniques employed, and to be on the safe side, offices maintained multiple copies of the same document for back-up purposes. These practices resulted in increasing demands for office space dedicated to files. The Information Age is reshaping the office of the 2000s. One source of confusion is the fact that the movements from manufacturing to services, and then to information, were of a different character than in earlier transitions. In the first place, while the transition from an agricultural to a manufacturing-based economy was marked by a decline in the number of jobs in agriculture, there has been no such diminution in the number of manufacturing jobs after the shift to a service economy. Moreover, American manufacturing currently accounts for roughly the same percentage of U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as three decades ago (Duncan 1994). Changes are taking place in the organizational structure and operations of businesses. Identifying and handling key issues in the MIS is essential for executives to support and run their organizations efficiently and effectively. The investigation of the key issues by researchers serves to enhance the understanding of the concerns of executives and suggest relevant areas of investigation by management researchers. Employers are concerned that their employees are spending a considerable amount of time on the Internet, browsing and sending e-mails regarding subjects that are totally unrelated to their job duties during work hours. In addition to harming productivity, employee access to the Internet creates more opportunities for employees to engage in virtually unprotected speech that could create liability for the employees and their employers. Most worrisome is the possibility that computers are used to download pornography or materials offensive to minorities which may then be distributed around the office in electronic attachments or printed and viewed by groups of employees. Such conduct could in turn lead to harassment complaints by employees. The widespread and rapid distribution of offensive or discriminatory material can poison a work environment and may also give rise to criminal charges. The ability of employees to transfer company information via e-mail that does not have sufficient confidentiality protection, such as a nondisclosure agreement, to outsiders puts that information at risk of losing its status as a trade secret and puts the employer at a distinct disadvantage with the loss of information. Employers might wish to discipline or discharge employees who jeopardize company proprietary information. The Internet also contains content protected by copyright or other proprietary fights, opening up the potential for direct, vicarious, or contributory copyright infringement liability claims against employers should the information be downloaded and utilized without the proper authority. At common law, the employer is vicariously liable for torts committed by an employee in the course of his or her employment. Therefore, the doctrine attaches to the employer's responsibility for the tortuous conduct of the employee without the existence of fault on the part of the employer. However, this doctrine does not absolve the employee from liability for tortuous conduct, and the employer may, in fact, claim an indemnification against the employee for moneys paid to a third party due to vicarious responsibility. For these reasons, many employers have begun monitoring employees' use of e-mall and the Internet which raises issues related to the employee's fight to privacy and about the new privacy legislation. It is becoming more commonplace for inappropriate and illegal Internet usage to be the determining factor in employee discipline and dismissals in unionized settings. The only question to be determined now is whether the inappropriate e-mails and Internet usage are just cause for dismissal. Arbitrators weigh each fact situation to determine the extent of the disciplinary offense and the appropriateness of management responses in the context of the collective agreement. Although e-mail is likely included in the definition of â€Å"telecommunication,† the real issue lies in whether or not e-mail monitoring on a computer desktop or server falls within the definition of â€Å"intercept.† Due to the way that e-mail is transmitted, it is unlikely that it could be intercepted as defined in the Criminal Code. â€Å"Intercept† means interference between the place of origin and the place of destination of the communication (Rasky, 1998). E-mail is transmitted from one computer through (usually) two Internet Service Providers onto a network server, and once that is complete so is the transmission. Consequently, the e-mail is simply just waiting to be retrieved by the recipient from the network. As a result, an employer that views a message which has been sent and saved onto a company's server is not really intercepting the message within the meaning of the Criminal Code (Coon and Cocker, 2001). There is no definitive ruling on who owns the e-mail in the issue of e-mail sent or received by an employee via his or her employer's computer system. This could be argued in two ways. One view is that e-mail sent or received in this context is property of the employer, to which an employee maintains no reasonable expectation of privacy. Thus, a search of e-mail in the workplace is really nothing more than a search of an employer's property (Rasky, 1998, p. 221). A second perspective is to view sent or received e-mail as the property of the employee. Employers assign employees e-mail addresses and allow employees to have e-mail passwords. Thus, this approach suggests that employees have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their workplace e-mail (Mclsaac, 2000, p. 2-86). The courts to date have not specifically addressed the issue of e-mail privacy within the workplace, although it was held in R. v. Weir (1998) that an individual's home e-mail via the Internet â€Å"ought to carry a reasonable expectation of privacy.† Therefore, as Internet and e-mail monitoring becomes more commonplace in the workplace, the only deterrent to employers may be couched in terms of the new privacy legislation and the required consent that will be required of an employee when an employer wishes to monitor. The focus would then be shifted to one of the reasonableness of the substance of implementation of the consent and monitoring policy along with the various factors inherent in that implementation such as the notice given to the employee of the search policy, the clarity of the policy, and the fairness of the administration of the policy (McIsaac, 2000, p. 2-87). Conclusion The Information Age suggests that the role of information is more important in the economy than ever before, and that information is replacing some earlier â€Å"fuel† of the American economy (Duncan 1994). These days the primary problem for most organizations and their employees is not the shortage of data but being able to evaluate what is useful and what is not, where to find the good stuff, and then how to use it effectively. The rapidly increasing use of Internet and e-mail in the workplace has introduced complicated issues related to the areas of potential liability of employers arising from the improper use of the Internet and e-mail by employees, as well as creating numerous privacy issues which must soon be addressed by all employers – union and nonunion. If employers specify and disseminate clear and concise e-mail and Internet use policies, they will be able to significantly reduce the risk associated with employee misconduct in this area. Not only should the policies be clear and concise, but they should also be communicated to the employees in such a fashion that all employees understand the policy and the consequences of breaching that policy. Employers can be concerned that their investments and MIS tools are being misused by employees, but at the same time clear communication and respect for the fights of employees and their privacy will encourage a positive, healthy work environment along with a decreased risk for potential liability for all parties involved. We agree that the Canadian Courts and arbitrators will need to make a concerted effort to understand the new technology and the various problems that arise as a result of that technology and then strike a balance between employee fights to engage in concerted activities vs. employer property and entrepreneurial fights. References Coon, Kevin & Jonathan Cocker. (2001) Legal Issues of E-mail and Internet Access in the Workplace. Internet and E-Commerce Law in Canada 1. January 2001: 81-87 Duncan, Joseph W., (1994) The Information Age on Shaky Foundations, Challenge, 05775132, Jan/Feb94, Vol. 37, Issue 1 Mclsaac, Barbara. (2000). Law of Privacy in Canada. Scarborough: Carswell. Rasky, Holly L. (1998). Can an Employer Search the Contents of Its Employees' E-mail? 220 Advocates Quarterly 20: 221-28 Dmytrenko, April, L., (1992) The information age has arrived or `much ado about everything', Records Management Quarterly, 10502343, Oct92, Vol. 26, Issue 4          Case: R. v. Weir (1998) 213 A.R. 285 (Q.B.)